A Journey through Nature, Culture, and Community in Bulgaria
Author: Paoula Akritidou
Bulgaria, a country steeped in centuries-old traditions and breathtaking natural beauty, provides an unrivaled journey through history, culture, and nature for many travelers. Located in Southeast Europe, flanked by the Black Sea to its east and the Balkan Mountains to its west. Bulgaria is a land of captivating contradictions where ancient heritage meets modern-day vibrancy.
Moreover, recent developments ensuring that 2025 will see Bulgaria finally join the Schengen Area alongside a heightened focus on sustainable travel mean there’s never been a better time to visit this magical destination.
This achievement makes it easier for international tourists to cross borders and makes Bulgaria a central destination for travel in Europe. The country is already seeing an increase number of tourist arrivals. In addition, it’s clear that this iconic destination in the heart of the Balkans is gaining traction with travelers seeking unique experiences.
Cities Steeped in History
Sofia: The capital
Sofia, Bulgaria, is a city founded 2,000 years ago, is a testament of history. The city mixes ancient monuments and modern life. Visitors to Sofia can also visit Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, a Bulgarian Orthodox Faith symbol, as well as the Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site famous for its medieval frescoes.
If you would prefer to find the taste of the land, the Central Market Hall is another fun spot to visit, where you will find a colorful expanse of Bulgarian products and crafts.
Plovdiv: Europe’s oldest city
Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, is Europe’s oldest city still inhabited. Its old town is a living museum, containing well-preserved Roman ruins, notably an impressive amphitheater. The streets are lined with vibrant 19th-century Revival homes that make for a charming backdrop. Rich in culture, festivals, and events year-round, which brings to light Plovdiv’s heritage.
Plovdiv’s cultural vitality continues, with events such as the 6FEST Street & Urban Arts Festival (April 24–27, 2025), which unites street art, music and dance in this historic context.
Natural Wonders That Inspire Awe
Kazanlak and the Bulgarian rose
Located in the heart of the Rose Valley, Kazanlak is known for its growing of the beautiful Bulgarian rose. The annual Rose Festival (June 7–8, 2025) marks this heritage with parades, folksy music and demonstrations of rose oil production.
For one, this centuries-old craft has turned Bulgaria into one of the world’s biggest suppliers of rose oil. The region is also home to ancient Thracian tombs, which give a glimpse into past civilizations.
The Black Sea
Bulgaria’s Black Sea coastline presents a harmonious blend of sandy beaches, historic towns, and lively resorts. Known for its wooden houses and cobblestone streets, Sozopol combines old-world charm with modern seaside relaxation.
Whether visiting ancient ruins or savoring fresh seafood along the coast, this region has many memorable moments to offer.
The Seven Rila Lakes
The Seven Rila Lakes, a glacial spectacle in the mountains, are Bulgaria’s most famous natural wonders. Sitting at elevations ranging from 2,095 to 2,535 meters, each lake is named after its unique shape, for instance, “the Kidney,” “the Eye” and “the Tear.” The lakes are connected to each other creating a stunning scenery.
But the growing number of visitors has started to take its toll on this delicate ecosystem.
We are asking tourists not to jump out of their cars and walk around, and to please respect the environment and stick to paths
By promoting responsible travel practices and encouraging visitors to stay on designated trails which will emphasize responsible tourism practices to safeguard this pristine environment for future generations.
This situation highlights the potential of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) as a solution. Through the involvement of local communities in managing tourism, CBT not only helps protect natural sites like the Rila Lakes but also provides economic benefits to the local population. In a country like Bulgaria, where traditional lifestyles still thrive, such as those of the Karakačani—a group with a deep connection to the land—CBT could spark a more ethical and culturally immersive travel experience.
The Karakačani: Guardians of Tradition
In addition to its natural beauty, Bulgaria is also the homeland of the Karakačani, an indigenous people who have traditionally made a living as nomadic pastoralists and are known for their strong traditions. The Karakačani originated from the Pindus Mountains (modern-day Greece) but maintained their identity and cultural integrity through the “odjak” as the central family unit.
Their oral traditions spanning several generations include rich cultural heritage, seasonal migration along with herd, and religious rites and life ceremonies. Visitors can witness traditional wool weaving, embroidery and storytelling that embody their relationship to the land and their ancestors. Through workshops, performances and talks, their festivals reflect a living manifestation of Bulgaria’s diverse cultural tapestry, across music, dance and spiritual traditions.
Experiencing the Karakačani via Community-Based Tourism (CBT) allows you to slide into a lifestyle that is primitive and at the same time very powerful. It enables travelers to give back directly to the sustainability of this community through an immersive cultural experience.
Traditional
A Thriving Cultural Scene in 2025
Bulgaria’s cultural calendar is packed with events that showcase its traditions and creativity:
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Surva Festival in Pernik (January 24–26): A UNESCO-recognized celebration of Bulgarian folklore featuring masquerade games and rituals designed to ward off evil spirits.
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Bansko Jazz Fest (July 31–August 10): A summer festival that attracts international jazz performers to the picturesque mountain town of Bansko.
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Augustiada Wine Festival in Stara Zagora (September 6–8): Perfect for wine enthusiasts eager to experience Bulgaria’s winemaking heritage firsthand.
Sustainability and Community-Based Tourism
Though Bulgaria is filled with cultural and natural heritages, Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is neglected and it has a great potential to empower local communities and preserve the nation’s heritage. Through direct participation of groups such as the Karakačani in tourism, CBT can make a positive contribution to protect both cultural traditions and natural landscapes whilst providing travelers with genuine, meaningful experiences.
Some localised efforts are already blazing the trail. (For example, Green Sofia does green walking tours focusing on sustainability and environmental education in and around the capital.) These tours teach visitors about Sofia’s greens and promote responsible tourism practices. The Rose Festival Kazanlak Guide encourages tourists to experience traditional rose-harvesting and to engage in the generations-old tradition of rose oil production while supporting local farmers and artisans.
Such initiatives demonstrate how CBT fosters meaningful ties between travelers and communities, while supporting local economies. CBT has the ability to create regeneration, not just balance tourism growth with preservation. Locals will actively restore ecosystems through community-led efforts, revitalize cultural traditions, and rejuvenate traditional livelihoods.
For instance, locally led reforesting initiatives could help undo at least some of the environmental damage caused by over-tourism at sites like the Seven Rila Lakes. Traditional craft workshops such as wool weaving or embroidery to revive artistry skills that are on the verge of being lost. The CBT will also help Bulgaria to ensure that tourism does not only conserve both the natural and cultural treasures but also enhances them for generations to come.
Practical Travel Tips for 2025
If you are travelling to this Bulgeria, here are some travel tips to guide you:
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With Orthodox Easter falling on April 18–21 this year, travelers should plan ahead as many businesses may close during national celebrations.
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For those visiting during peak summer months, festivals like Bansko Jazz Fest or Kazanlak’s Rose Festival provide unique opportunities to experience Bulgarian culture firsthand.
Why Visit Bulgaria Now?
Bulgaria has a unique combination of natural beauty, ancient history and rich traditions. All bundled up in a travel proposition that increasingly works for you, courtesy of its Schengen membership. Whether you’re strolling through ancient streets in Plovdiv or hiking the grounds around the Seven Rila Lakes, there’s a story worth exploring at every turn in Bulgaria.
As sustainable tourism and cultural events rise in 2025, Bulgaria is not only about the sights. It’s about establishing a bond with its people and keeping its timeless charm alive for generations to come.
Are you ready to explore this hidden gem of the Balkans?
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